President: Christian Wulff (2010)
Chancellor: Angela Merkel (2005)
Land area: 135,236 sq mi (350,261 sq km);
total area: 137,846 sq mi (357,021 sq km)
Population (2010 est.): 82,282,988
growth rate: –0.06%);
birth rate: 8.2/1000;
infant mortality rate: 3.9/1000;
life expectancy: 79.4;
density per sq km: 235
Capital and largest city (2003 est.): Berlin (capital since Oct. 3, 1990), 3,933,300 (metro. area), 3,274,500 (city proper)
Other large cities: Hamburg, 1,686,100; Munich, 1,185,400; Cologne, 965,300; Frankfurt, 648,000; Essen, 588,800; Dortmund, 587,600; Stuttgart, 581,100; Düsseldorf, 568,900; Bremen, 527,900; Hanover, 516,300; Duisburg, 513,400
Monetary unit: Euro (formerly Deutsche mark)
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